Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Singhanada guggulu and Vatari guggulu: A Pharmacological Study

Purnendu Panda¹*, A.K. Meena¹, M.M. Rao¹, R. Sannd¹, Govind Reddy², M.M. Padhi³ and Ramesh Babu³

¹National Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Research, Patiala-147001, Punjab.

²Raja Ramdeo Anandilal Podar Ayurveda Cancer Research Institute, Mumbai.

³Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, Janakpuri, Delhi-110058.

ABSTRACT:

Singhanada guggulu and Vatari guggulu are well known Ayurvedic Guggulu formulations which have been used since 11^th century AD. for the treatment of disease Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis).Both the trial drugs are contain same ingredients i.e triphala, guggulu, gandhaka and eranda taila, but their method of preparations are different. To evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of the trial drugs the animal experiment has carried out by Carrageenin induced hind paw oedema test. The trial drug Singhanada Guggulu found significant suppression while Vatari Guggulu produced only weak suppression in paw oedema of experimental animals.

KEYWORDS: Guggulu, Ayurvedic, Anti inflammatory, Carrageenin, Arthritis

INTRODUCTION

There are so many Ayurvedic compound formulations of herbal or herbo- mineral has been used from very early period for the treatment of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Singhanada Guggulu is one of them, which was first mentioned by Acharya Chakrapani Dutta in his text Chakradutta¹ in 11^th century AD. Vatari guggulu is mentioned in Bhaisajya Ratnabali by Govinda Das Sen in context of Amavata². Though both the drugs contain same ingredients, indicated in same disease (Amavata)³, but there method of preparations is different. So it was interesting to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of both the trial drugs. The exact way in which a drug changes the disease condition can often be followed only imperfectly in human beings and hence, re-course has to be made to experiments on healthy or diseased animals to elucidate the principles on which it should be implemented. The aim and object of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of these trial drugs in experimental model with the following materials and method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

a) Ingredients of the trial drug like triphala, guggulu, gandhaka and eranda taila were supplied by the pharmacy Gujarat Ayurveda University Jamnagar and the trial drug were prepared in the Dept. of I.P.G.Tand R.A Jamnagar Gujarat. Sinhganada Guggulu and Vatari Guggulu were prepared by concentrated and pounding method respectively.

b) Dose of experimental study was determined by extrapolating the clinical dose to laboratory animals on body surface area ratio basis as per paget and burner.

c) Duration- The trial drugs were administered for five days.

d) Animals-Charles foster strain albino rats were obtained from animal house attached to I.P.G.T and R. A. Jamnagar. Rats were maintained on Navachakan oil mills, Amrut brand rat pellet feed and tap water given and libitum in a normal uncontrolled condition.

e) Chemical used - Carrageenin (CDH New Delhi).

f) Instruments - Plethysmograph , weighing scale , syringe , rubber catheter etc.

g) Route of administration -Through oral route.

h) Statistical analysis -The data Obtained from experiments were analyzed by Students ‘t’ test method to determine which of the two formulation produced better effect.

Method of winter ⁴ was adopted to screen the anti inflammatory activity of both the trial drugs against carrageenin induced hind paw oedema.

PROCEDURE:

Eighteen rats of either sex with an average weight of 220gms were used animals made into three groups of six in each. Initially left hind paw volumes up to the tibiotarsal articulation were recorded by using plethysmograph. The plethysmograph consists of 10ml. glass-vessel (25mm x 65mm) fixed to 2ml. glass syringe through pressure tubing. About 4ml of mercury was filled in the syringe and the mercury level was adjusted to zero mark on the micropipette. The space in the glass vessel was filled with water with few drops of teepol. The initial level of the fluid was adjusted glass vessel and the elevated water level was readjusted and set at zero. The paw was immersed in water in the glass vessel and the elevated water level was readjusted to the prefixed mark by releasing the pressure of the connected syringe. The level where water and mercury interface in the micropipette was recorded as paw volume.

Group I and II were administered orally with the trial drugs Simhanada Guggulu and Vatari Guggulu respectively in the dose of 250 mg/ kg and group III was treated with tap water in volume 5 ml/kg body weight.

The drugs were administered once daily for five consecutive days. On fifth day, one hour after the administration of last dose, paw oedema was induced by injecting 0.1 ml. of 1% carrageen in aqueous suspension (1%) in normal saline into the plantar aponeurosis of left hind limb⁵. Procedure the left hind paw volume was recorded three hours, after carrageen in injection by using plethysmograph as described above. The rats were administered 2 ml/ 100 gm body weight of tap water to ensure uniform hydration which is expected to minimise variation in oedema formations. Results were expressed as percentage increase in paw volume in comparison to the initial values.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

The data about on the effect of test drugs on carrageenin induced hind paw oedema have been presented in the Table 1. In Simhanada Guggulu administered group 43.87% decreased in paw volume was observed which was almost significant with P< 0.06 but >P.05. In Vatari Guggulu treated group 10.98% decreased in Paw volume was observed.

Table 1. Effect of Simhanada Guggulu (SG) and Vatari Guggulu (VG) on Carragenin induced hind paw oedema in rats.

Group	Dose Mg/kg	Percentage increase in paw volume (Mean ± SEM)	% Changes
Control	5 ml	71.98 ± 8.6
SG	250	40.40 ± 12.63	43.87
VG	250	64.67 ± 9.82	10.98

CONCLUSION:

In Carrageenin paw oedema test significant suppression was observed with Simhanada Guggulu while Vatari Guggulu produced only weak suppression. The results indicate that both preparations contain active principles possessing anti inflammatory activity. The quantitative differences in the observed effect may be due to the presence of less quantity of active principles in the Vatari Guggulu in comparison to Simhanada Guggulu. The reason may be that the active principle contained in the curna might not have been completely extracted in to the final product in Vatari Guggulu. While in Simhanada Guggulu since kvatha of triphala used the extraction of active principle may be comparatively better.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

The authors are very grateful to Ex. Prof. D. Pandey, HOD, Department of RS and BK, IPGTandRA, Jamanagar, for providing encouragement and facilities for carrying out this work. The secretarial assistance rendered by Ms. Rekha is duly acknowledged by the authors.

REFERENCES:

1. Dutta Chakrapani ,Bhavartha Sandipani tika edited by Sri Jagadiswara Prasad Tripathi ,Jayakrisna Dash, Haridas Gupta publication ,1949.

2. Bhaisajya Ratnabali, Sri Gobind Dash edited with Vidyotini hinditika by Ambikadatta shastri , Chaukhamba sans sansthana ,8th edition ,1987.

3. Nidana Madhava, Kar Madhava with madhukosa sans, comm. by Vijayarakshit and Srikantadatta with vidyotini hindi comm by sudarsana Shastri Part -1, 18^th ed. 1989.

4. Winter C.A.Risley E.A , Nuss G.W. , Proc.Soc Exp. Biol.III. 1962, 544,.

5. Bhatta K.R, Mehta. R.K., Srivastava. P. N. Indian Journal of Physiology Pharmacology, 1977, 21, 399.

Received on 27.10.2010

Accepted on 03.12.2010

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Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 3(1): Jan. –Feb. 2011, 17-18