INTRODUCTION:

The term nutraceutical first came from Stephen Defelice, founder and chairman of foundation for innovation in medicine, in 1989.^[1,2,3,4] Nutraceuticals are the products derived from sources like plants which are medium to provide an extra health benefits, along with the basic nutritional value found in foods. Depending on the jurisdiction, these products are helpful in claiming to prevent chronic diseases, improve the standard of the health, helps in the delay the aging process, increase life expectancy, or support the structure or function of the body.^[5]

History of nutraceuticals:

The concept of Nutraceuticals is considered as a 3000 years old concept. The great Hippocrates (460-377 B.C) stated, let food be thy medicine and medicine be the food‟ to predict the relationship between appropriate foods for health and their therapeutic benefits 10. In the timeline of the pre 1900s, in united states food manufacturers started to add small quantity of iodine to salt to prevent Goiter. In Japan, England and other countries, Nutraceuticals are already becoming part of dietary landscape, nowadays Nutraceutical is most rapidly growing segments of the industry and the global nutraceutical market is estimated as USD 117 billion ^[6,7]

Key Benefits:

· Helps to gain the health value from the diet.

· May lead to a long life.

· Helps us to avoid the particular medical conditions.

· May have a psychological benefit.

· Shows very less unpleasant side-effects.

· May present food for populations with special needs (e.g. nutrient-dense foods for the elderly)

· Supports the naturally dietary supplement which have no side effects.

· May increase the health value, our diet and improve medical condition of human. ^[8]

Classification of Nutraceuticals:

The food sources used as nutraceuticals are all natural and can be categorized as

1. Dietary Fiber

2. Probiotics

3. Prebiotics

4. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

5. Antioxidant vitamin

6. Polyphenols

7. Spices (kalia AN, 2005) ^[9]

Percentage area covered by nutraceutical products in Indian market: ^[10]

Nutraceuticals revolution:

The nutraceuticals revolution began in the early 1980s, it was sparked off when the actual or potential clinical benefits of calcium, fiber and fish oil were supported by clinical studies published in distinguished medical journals, and when physicians began to educate their colleagues and consumers about these substances via the mass media.

Factors affecting the Revolution

· Physician - Increased physician acceptance of the medical benefits of nutritional products increased market demand of nutraceuticals.

· Media - The mass media have emerged as the primary sources of medical claims, mass media has now become the powerful and legitimate promotion agency of nutraceutical products ^[11,12].

Role of R and D in nutraceutical:

· To test safety, purity and potency of the formed products.

· To increase more effective and efficient means of producing ingredients for use in products.

· To develop testing methods for ensuring and verifying the consistency of the dosage of ingredients included in the company’s products.

· Develop the new products either by combining existing ingredients used in nutritional supplements or identifying new ingredients that can be used in nutritional supplements. ^[13]

Health benefits of nutracuticals:

· Cardiovascular diseases:

· Diabetes:

· Obesity:

· Anti-inflammatory activities:

· Vision improving agents:

· Osteoarthritis: ^[9,14]

Regulatory aspects:

The rules which govern the nutraceutical market is the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) which has been passed in the year 1994.The Food Safety and Standard Rule, 2011has aslo been have been issued. Food Safety and Standard Authority has also issued regulations with respect to Licensing and registration of food business, manufacturing, packing and labeling, food product standard etc. The Food Safety and Standard Rule, 2011has aslo been came into force from the Aug 2011. This act encourages manufacturers for product Research and Development along with it’s develop reliable protocols and carrying out the clinical studies. Foreign Direct Investment Act passed recently in 2012 which also provide new opportunities for international firms to manufacture and sale nutraceutical products in India. Thus, there is only single authority to regulate production, distribution and marketing of nutraceuticals in India ^[15,16]

Typical Neutraceuticals with uses: ^[17,18]

Sr. No	Name of Nutraceutical	Therapeutic Benefits
01	Natural Lycopene	Reducing risk of prostate and cervical cancers. Supporting cardiovascular health.
02	Garlic	Cholesterol lowering Cardiac diseases Diabetic support
03	Green tea	Cancer prevention Weight management Lowering cholesterol
04	Gymnema, Momordica	Diabetic control
05	Glucosamine	Arthritis treatment
06	Ginkgo	Biloba Allergy relief
07	Digestive Enzymes	Digestive support
08	Ginseng	Immunomodulator
09	Phycocyanin Powder	Antioxidant

CONCLUSION:

The nutraceutical industry is growing at a faster rate of the exceeding expansion in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In tomorrow’s market, the most successful nutraceutical players are likely to be those companies in which functional product are just a part of a broad line of goods satisfying both conventional and health value point. Future demand of nutraceutical depends on consumer perception of the relationship between diet and disease. Although nutraceuticals have significant promise in the promotion of human health and disease prevention, health professional, nutritionists and regulatory toxicologist should strategically work together to plan appropriate regulation to provide the ultimate health and therapeutic benefit to mankind. Long-term clinical studies are required to scientifically validate the nutraceuticals in various medical conditions. The interaction of nutraceuticals with food and drugs is another area, which should be taken into consideration. The effect of different processing methods on the biological availability and effectiveness of nutraceuticals remains to be determined. As like drugs, there should be strict regulatory controls for nutraceuticals.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES:

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13. http://www.andrews.edu/NUFS/functionalfoods.html

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15. Kathleen C, Stephen D. Nutraceuticals: What Are They and Do They Work? Kentucky Equine Research, Inc. Versailles, KY 7 (4); 2013:1-50.

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18. Patil CS. Current trends and future prospective of nutraceuticals in health promotion, BIOINFO Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 1 (1); 2011: 01-07.

Received on 11.05.2020 Modified on 05.06.2020

Res. J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics.2020; 12(3):130-132.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2020.00023.3